Saturday, February 15, 2014

The Use Of A Spirometer To Detect Shortness Of Breath

By Serena Price


Shortness of breath is a common reason why people visit the doctor. It can also be a diagnostic minefield. One of the first tests to be performed will be the use of a spirometer to identify the presence of abnormal breathing patterns, which may be either restrictive or obstructive. The instrument is a general term for a wide variety of strategies for measuring the movement of air into and out of the lungs (pressure transducers, ultrasound, water gauge). Modern spirometers, or pulmonary function monitors (PFMs) may be PC-based or standalone devices.

Lung function tests are utilized to eliminate the presence of serious pulmonary conditions such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis. They are also performed to assess the influence on the lungs of medications or ambient contaminants, to help determine the cause of breathlessness and to evaluate the progress of treatments. Lung function tests are also performed before surgery on the lungs to take benchmark measurements of lung activity.

The prominent Roman physician, Claudius Galen, performed the first lung function test some time in the second century AD. He asked a boy to inhale and exhale into a bladder. Later variants featured bell jars inverted in water. Modern PFMs include the pneumotachometer, the peak flow meter and a whole body plethysmograph.

Most causes of shortness of breath are benign and easily reversible. First, it is essential to rule out more sinister causes. The Mayo Clinic defines shortness of breath as a severe tightening of the chest and a sensation of being suffocated. There may be a single episode or there may be a pattern of episodes.

There half a dozen or so red flag symptoms which, in conjunction with shortness of breath, may point to a serious problem. These red flags include being pale or tired all the time, a chronic cough or wheeze, swollen ankles, difficulty breathing when lying flat, a pain that worsens with exercise, a history of working around asbestos, industrial fumes, wood dust, or in a coal mine and any other persistent or unusual symptoms. If you experience any of the above, then you should consult your doctor.

Asthma is a chronic condition involving inflammation of the airways. It is potentially serious and may be fatal. According to the CDC in Georgia, at any one time in the United States there are 18.9 million non-institutionalized adults diagnosed with this condition. This amounts to 8.2% of the population.

Once any serious cause has been ruled out, most cases of breathlessness are related to one of two causes, bad respiratory habits and weak muscles; or trigger points, or muscle knots. These are both minor and easily treatable. The treatment is safe, free and almost fun. It consists of identifying and massaging trigger points.

The spirometer is a device that has been in use for nearly two thousand years for the detection of breathlessness. It can identify whether breathlessness is present, but further investigations are required to rule out serious conditions like asthma. Once sinister problems have been ruled out, the cause of shortness of breath is most likely a combination of trigger points and dysfunctional breathing technique. This can be easily remedied with a regime of trigger point massage and breathing exercises.




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